Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

In contemporary times, the neglect of past architectural methods and their identity has impacted the quality of modern housing. However, understanding and studying the structure of historical houses can serve as a bridge linking traditional architecture with today’s residential design. Iranian historical houses were always constructed in harmony with their geographical context and in response to diverse cultural and livelihood needs. Among these, the historical houses of Isfahan stood out as some of the most prominent examples, warranting deeper analysis.
This study aimed to identify and analyze the construction patterns of houses in the city of Isfahan through a typological approach. The research focused on 33 Muslim-inhabited houses located in Isfahan's historical fabric, spanning from the Safavid era to the late Qajar period. The methodology was qualitative and based on typological classification.
The findings revealed that the historical houses of Isfahan could be categorized into three primary types based on the main spatial element located on the central courtyard’s main façade: Shekam-Darideh (cross-shaped plan), Talardār (with a central hall), and Iwandār (with a portico). Each of these types reflected distinct physical structures and spatial-constructional systems associated with specific lifestyles. In the Shekam-Darideh type, a cruciform space was located along the courtyard’s central axis, influencing the courtyard's overall appearance. The Talardār type featured a rectangular hall with a flat roof, placed on the main axis of the courtyard. In the Iwandār type, a columned portico dominated the main façade, typically flanked by adjacent rooms such as traditional three-door or two-door rooms. The Iwandār type was structurally simpler, incorporating three spatial categories: open, semi-open, and closed. Each typology offered unique capabilities to meet residents' needs under various conditions.