Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2023)
JRIA 2023, 11(3): 27-46 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Gedaali Q, Afshari M. Temperament analysis of house spaces based on the presence of four elements, Case study of Bushehr historical houses. JRIA 2023; 11 (3) :27-46
URL: http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1587-en.html
URL: http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1587-en.html
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan.
Abstract: (1082 Views)
The present study is in order to investigate the temperament of home spaces based on the presence of four elements. The four elements, in addition to the direct effects on how to choose effective climatic solutions in architecture, have affected the temperament of the living spaces of the residents.The temperament of the space has led to the formation of unique features in each architectural work, including the architecture of houses in the historical context of Bushehr. In this research, by selecting the houses and mansions of Bushehr historical context as a statistical population, the temperament characteristics of its spaces in terms of how the four elements of the environment are affected have been discussed and analyzed. This is important with the aim of finding factors in the architecture of traditional houses and mansions of Bushehr due to the effects of the environment on its temperament by recognizing the temperament characteristics of each space by studying the presence of four characteristics of the environment as representative of the four main temperaments, ie four elements; water (humidity and sultry), wind (air flow), soil (structure and connection with the earth) and fire (sun) are performed on the spaces of the house, each of which represents the main temperaments. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the temperament of home spaces based on the presence of four elements. And what are the temperament characteristics of the spaces in the historical houses of Bushehr? Research method In this research, it is a descriptive, descriptive-analytical method and content analysis of resources to identify sources and basics; data analysis has been done to analyze the houses of Bushehr historical context in two methods of sampling (deductive) and detailed analysis in order to reach a general (inferential) result. In accordance with the field findings and case studies, the spaces in the houses of the historical context of Bushehr include; yard, mahtabi, roof and staircase, porch and entrance hall, Shanshir, Tarmeh, corridors and escalators, rooms (in the types of five-door, four-door and three-door with one side opening, five-door, four-door and three-door with two-sided opening, five-door, four-door and three-door With three and four sides of the opening), reception (guest house), chamber (dining room), closet (chest of drawers), kitchen (kitchen), basin and toilets, the temperament characteristics of the spaces were examined. According to the findings, the results of the study of home space in the historical context of Bushehr are as follows: The temperament of the main living spaces and related spaces is balanced, warm, hot and dry (Rooms three, four and fifty and Shanashir); sub-residential spaces are cold-tempered (Closet, safe and rooms without opening); the temperament of open living spaces is warm and humid (Moonlight, Tarmeh and Bam); The temperament of communication spaces is balanced (Entrance halls, corridors, stairs and stairs); and service spaces are cold-tempered. (Kitchen, basin, water storage and services). Each of the elements and organs of the houses of Bushehr's historical context has its own temperament. Just as man has the most balanced temperament among creatures, and each organ has its own temperament, The elements of these houses are also built next to each other in order to create a balance of temperament. It is also more balanced than the environment and is effective with the lack of intensification of temperament characteristics of people living in houses of historical texture due to the temperament of space. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the temperament of the environment and the spaces of houses in the historical context of Bushehr show that The spaces that are the place of party, living and family residence are warm-tempered, lively spaces that are in line with the behavior of the often warm-tempered residents. Also, the dryness of the temperament of these spaces is in contrast to the more temperament of the environment and the inhabitants, which balances the humidity of the temperament of the environment and the people living in it, in order to prevent boredom and numbness in the space. The pauses between spaces and the entrances from the open space to the closed space are balanced. The central courtyard, entrance porch, corridors and stairs are among these spaces and the reason is the presence of four elements in the best possible way in these spaces, which have formed the moderate temperament of the space. Service spaces, ie safes, closets, kitchens and basins, due to the absence of the sun, are often cold-tempered, and activity in these spaces, which in turn causes the body to warm up and it acts to regulate the body's mood and helps people's health. The most important result of this study is to investigate the existence of diversity in the temperament of home spaces in the historical context of Bushehr, so that each of the spaces is appropriate and appropriate to how the residents live and work in it and people can be based on physical needs, and life in the spaces of Bushehr's home.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Definition and analysis of the latest theoretical and practical accomplishment in Islamic architecture and urbanism
Received: 2022/03/30 | Accepted: 2023/08/26 | Published: 2023/09/18
Received: 2022/03/30 | Accepted: 2023/08/26 | Published: 2023/09/18
References
1. 1. ابنسینا، حسین ابن عبدالله. 1386. قانون در طب. ترجمهی علیرضا مسعودی. تهران: مرسل.
2. 2. ابنسینا، حسین ابن عبدالله. ۱۳۸۹. قانون در طب. ترجمهی عبدالرحمن شرفکندی، 8 جلدی، جلد 1 و 2. تهران: سروش.
3. 3. اخوان الصفاء. 1380. گزیده رسائل اخوان الصفاء. ترجمهی ع. حلبی. تهران: اساطیر.
4. 4. اردلان، نادر، و لاله بختیار. 1390. حس وحدت، نقش سنت در معماری ایرانی. ترجمهی ونداد جلیلی. تهران: علم معمار رویال.
5. 5. بلخاری، حسن. ۱۳۸۴. نسبت عناصر اربعه با مربع و تأثیرات آن بر هنر و معماری و مقدس. در مجموعه مقالات اولین هماندیشی هنر و عناصر طبیعت (آب، خاک، هوا، آتش). تهران: فرهنگستان هنر، 27-48.
6. 6. حاتمیان، محمدرضا، جواد دیواندری، و فهیمه گل باغ مهیاری. 1396. تأثیر مزاج مکان بر تناسبات هندسی فضاها، در معماری ایرانی (مورد پژوهی: خانههای تاریخی کاشان. در کنفرانس بینالمللی معماری و ریاضیات.
7. 7. خلیلی، نادر. 1397. تنها دویدن. تهران: چشمه.
8. 8. رجبی، احسان. 1396. جمال شناسی در معماری بر اساس رساله اخوانالصفا. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
9. 9. رضوی برقعی، سید حسین. 1388. معماری حمام در متون طب کهن مقدمه رساله دلاکیه. گلستان هنر 5 (15): 64-69.
10. 10. سهروردی، شیخ شهاب الدین. 1378. مونس العشاق به انضمام شرح مونس العشاق. تصحیح و توضیح نجیب مایل هروی. نظم عمادالدین عربشاه یزدی. تهران.
11. 11. شولتز، کریستیان نوربرگ. 1388. روح مکان: به سوی پدیدارشناسی معماری. ترجمهی محمدرضا شیرازی. تهران: رخداد نو.
12. 12. طاهری، جعفر. 1395. حمام در متون طب دورۀ اسلامی: نظریه و عمل. پژوهشهای معماری و اسلامی 4 (10): 46-61.
13. 13. طبسی، محسن. 1393. آشنایی با گرمابههای ایران. معاونت پژوهش و فنآوری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد. مشهد: سخن گستر.
14. 14. عبداللهزاده، محمد مهدی. 1394. معماری طبایع: تبیین رویکردی دربارهی نسبت انسان و محیط مصنوع بر مبنای چهارگانهها. مطالعات معماری ایران (8): 137-156.
15. 15. عبداللهزاده، محمد مهدی. 1395. معماری طبایع، پروردن رویکردی درباره نسبت انسان و محیط مصنوع بر مبنای طبیعیات ابنسینا. رساله دکتری. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران.
16. 16. عطاییهمدانی، محمدرضا، وحید شالیامینی، مهدی حمزهنژاد، و ویدا نوروز برازجانی. 1397. مصالحگزینی بر اساس سازگاری بومی- شخصیتی (درسآموختههایی از معماری بومی ایران). مدیریت شهری 17(50): 351-372.
17. 17. کریمیان سردشتی، نادر. 1382. کتابشناسی حمام. تهران: پژوهشکده مردمشناسی، سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور.
18. 18. مجموعه مقالههای همایش حمام در فرهنگهای ایرانی. 1382. تهران: سازمان میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری. پژوهشکده مردمشناسی.
19. 19. مرباغی، بهروز. 1393. شهر را فرهنگ میسازد، نه اقلیم! نمونه موردی: بندر بوشهر. همایش ملی شهرسازی فرهنگگرا.
20. 20. مجموعه مقالات اولین هماندیشی هنر و عناصر طبیعت (آب، خاک، هوا و آتش). 1384. فرهنگستان هنر.
21. 21. ملکشاهی، حسن. 1388. ترجمه و شرح اشارات و تنبیهات ابنسینا، جلد اول. تهران: سروش.
22. 22. منصوری، سیما. ۱۳۸۶. کیفیت فضایی باغ ایرانی در ارتباط با چهارگانهها (باغ ایرانی، منزلگاه تقدیس گوهرهای چهارگانه). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد معماری. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
23. 23. ناصری، محسن. 1388. مروری بر کلیات طب سنتی ایران. تهران: مؤسسه نشر شهر.
24. 24. نقرهکار، عبدالحمید، و مهدی حمزهنژاد، و محسن دهقانی تفتی. 1389. بررسی تاثیر محیط بر رفتار و اخلاق از دید متفکران اسلامی و نتایج آن در طراحی محیط. آرمانشهر 3 (5): 79- 96.
25. 25. هاشمی. سید مسعود، و دیگران. 1393. واکاوی اصول طبی، بعد پنهان در معماری حمامهای ایران. در مجموعه مقالات اولین کنگره بینالمللی افقهای جدید در معماری و شهرسازی. تهران.
26. 26. یزدانفر، عباس، فائزه دادرس، و نفیسه حسینی یکتا. 1393. تفاوتهای مزاجی انسان و گرایش به شاخصههای معماری. پزشک و پرستار در رزم 2 (5): 201-211.
27. 1. Abdullahzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi. 2016. Temperamental Architecture: Creating an Architectural Approach Based on the Tetrad (The Four Elements, Temperaments, or Humors).Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies 4(8): 137-156.
28. 2. Abdullahzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi. 2016. Temperamental Architecture, Creating an Architectural Approach Based on the naturalities of Ibn Sina. Ph.D. Thesis. Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran.
29. 3. Akkach, Samer. 2005. Cosmology and Architecture in Premodern Islam An Architectural Reading of Mystical Ideas. State University of New York Press. New York. [DOI:10.1353/book4930]
30. 4. Ardalan, Nader, and Laleh Bakhtiar. 2011. Sense of Unity, the Role of Tradition in Iranian Architecture. Translated by Vandad Jalili. Tehran: Elm-e Memar-e Royal.
31. 5. Ataiee Hamdani, Mohammad Reza, Vahid Shali Amini, Mehdi Hamzehnejad, and Vida Nowruz Borazjani. 2019. Chossing Material Based on Indigenious Personality Compatibility (Lessons of Indigenious Iranian Architecture). Urban Management 17 (50): 351-372.
32. 6. Balkhari, Hassan. 2006. The Ratio of the Four Elements to the Square and its Effects on Art, Architecture and Sacred. Collection of Articles on the First Symmetry of Art and Elements of Nature (Water, Soil, Air, Fire). Tehran: Academy of Arts, 27-48.
33. 7. Ehavan al-Safa. 2002. Selected Letters of the Brotherhood of Al-Safa. Translated by A. Halabi. Tehran: Asatir.
34. 8. Hamzehnejad, Mahdi, F. Dadras, and N. Hoseini Yekta. 2015. Houses' Physical Features based on Temperamental Indicators. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences (201): 317- 324. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.180]
35. 9. Hashemi, Seyed Massoud, et al. 2013. Analysis of Medical Principles, The Hidden Dimension in the Architecture of Iranian Baths. In Proceedings of the First International Congress of New Horizons in Architecture and Urban Planning. Tehran.
36. 10. Hatamian, Mohammad Reza, Javad Divandari, and Fahimeh Golbagh Mahyari. 2018. The Effect of Place Temperament on Geometric Proportions of Spaces in Iranian Architecture (Case Study: Kashan Historical Houses). In International Conference on Architecture and Mathematics.
37. 11. Ibn Sina, Hussein Ibn Abdullah. 2007. Law in Medicine. Translated by Alireza Masoudi. Tehran: Mursal.
38. 12. Ibn Sina, Hussein Ibn Abdullah. 2011. Law in Medicine. Translated by Abdul Rahman Sharafkandi. Tehran: Soroush.
39. 13. Karimian Sardashty, Nader. 2003. Bibliography of Bath. Tehran: Anthropology Research Institute, Cultural Heritage Organization.
40. 14. Khalili, Nader. 1996. Ceramic Houses and Earth Architecture: How to Build Your Own. California: Cal-Earth Press.
41. 15. Khalili, Nader. 2019. Running Alone. Tehran: Cheshmeh.
42. 16. Kryder, Elizabeth. 1994. Landscape as Myth: The Contextual Archaeology of an Annapolis Landscape. In Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake, pp. 131-148. Edited by Barbara J. Little and Paul A. Shackel. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press.
43. 17. Malek Shahi, Hassan. 2010. Translation and Description of Signs and Details of Their Construction, First Volume. Tehran: Soroush.
44. 18. Mansoori, Sima. 2004. The Spatial Quality of the Persian Garden in Relation to the Quadrupeds (Persian Garden; the Sanctuary of the Quadruple Gems). Thesis of Master, Shahid Beheshti University.
45. 19. Marbaghi. Behrooz. 2014. Culture Makes the City, Not the Climate! Case Study: Bushehr Port. In Culture-Based Urban Planning National Conference.
46. 20. Naseri, Mohsen 2010. A Review of the Generalities of Traditional Iranian Medicine. Tehran: Shahr Publishing Institute.
47. 21. Noghrhekar, Abdul Hamid, Mehdi Hamzehnejad, and Mohsen Dehghani Tafti. 2011. Analyze of Environment's Effects on Behavior and Comportment, from Islamic Intellectuals Point of View and its Reaults on Environment Design.Armanshahr3(5): 79-96.
48. 22. Proceedings of the Bath in Iranian Cultures Confernce. 2003. Terhan: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization. Anthropology Research Institute.
49. 23. Proceedings of the first Symposium of Art and Elements of Nature (Water, Soil, Air and Fire). 2005. Academy of Arts.
50. 24. Rajabi, Ehsan. 2018. Aesthetics in Architecture Based on the Treatise of Akhavan Al-Safa. Master Thesis. Shahid Beheshti University.
51. 25. Razavi Borghei, Seyed Hossein. 2010. Bath Architecture in the Texts of Ancient Medicine Introduction to Dalakieh Treatise. Golestan-e Honar 5 (15): 64-69.
52. 26. Schultz, Christian Nurberg. 2010. The Spirit of Place: Towards the Phenomenology of Architecture. Translated by Mohammad Reza Shirazi. Tehran: Rokhdad-e No.
53. 27. Suhrawardi, Sheikh Shahabuddin. 2000. Mons al-Ishaq, Including the Description of Mons al-Ishaq. Correction and Explanation: Najib Mile Heravi. Nazm Emad al-Din Arabshah Yazdi. Tehran.
54. 28. Tabasi, Mohsen 2014. Introduction to Iranian Baths. Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Mashhad: Sokhan Gostar.
55. 29. Taheri, Jafar. 2017. Bathroom in Medieval Islamic Medical Texts: Theory and Practice. Researches in Islamic Architecture 4 (10): 46-61.
56. 30. Yazdanfar, Abbas, Faezeh Dadras, and Nafiseh Hosseini Yekta. 2014. Human Temperaments Classification and Related Tendencies to Architecture Indices. NPWJM 2 (5): 201-211.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
