Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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The lack of proper understanding based on the fundamental and original notions of persistent architectural patterns of the house has led to disturbances in the fundamental structures of contemporary home architecture. The design of a home-based on sustained principles and archetypes has had complexities that have been taken into consideration in recent traditional architectural patterns have been one of the most prominent and important ways to meet the needs of their time. Among its achievements are climate and design adaptation, the proper use of natural energy, and the enjoyment of comfortable space for humans. It seems that by examining the nature of the archetypes, their applications in the residential design are represented. In this paper, after reviewing the basic principles of residential patterns in case studies, the design criteria used in them are extracted. The purpose of the research is identifing the old architectural patterns of the Kashan houses and its efficiency in designing modern residential architecture. The research method is based on case studies that analysise the content of the texts to identify the conceptual framework for understanding the design criteria. An overview of the role of patterns can be pointed out in terms of its functionality to meet the needs of its time, such as the central courtyard, the Godal Baghcheh (the construction of the main spaces at the negative level), spatial hierarchy, spatial expansion, etc. They are, for example, placing the outdoor space in the center of the house, orientation based on the use of natural factors such as sun, water and wind, roof tiling, sun light and even engaging such as colored glasses from a set of patterns which has a good response in terms of climate, style, aesthetics, and performance. Using the archetype in today's architecture, architect should pay attention to the reason for the emergence of the old patterns. What was the reason why each pattern was originated and what needs to be answered? Finally, how can they be improved by increasing their qualitative dimension with the continuation of them in the formation the spaces of today's homes? In addressing each of the dimensions we want to identify the criteria we can use to cite impact of each criteria to form a pattern-based space. The research is qualitative and analyzes the content of theoretical texts by the research samples. Finally, an analytical review of approaches and considerations consistent with the content of the concepts of theories is obtained to assess the qualitative criteria achieved. Issues raised through representation are examined. Using this method, the studied houses are considered based on the proposed criteria based on the shape structure. Therefore, in this section, the dimensions of the climate, spatial organization, relationship with the earth, materials, proportions and spatial geometry in the four dimensions will be studied to summarize the desired dimensions. Considering the basis of the research, which is based on qualitative analysis, sampling was selected randomly from houses built in the past and present in both Kashan and Yazd. In this regard, the principles based on architectural design patterns in the past and continuity in today's architecture is extracted. Then, based on the conceptual model presented, the criteria were classified into the components of natural structure, physical-space structure, and visual structure. After assessing the reliability of the components by the experts, the level of impact and more comprehensive principles were identified. Subsequently, the semantic analysis of each that was carried out in the studied samples. The results of the research show that the architectural patterns of the houses studied in natural, physical, spatial and visual structures through 15 concepts of hierarchy, spatial equilibrium, flexibility, introversion, collective activity, sensibility, security, energy efficiency, confidentiality, confinement, vernacular materials, static, natural varieties, natural elements, and architectural negative-level are recognizable. These concepts are introduced in the formulation of the criteria of spaceism, introversion, naturalism, and structuralism. These items are more likely to be found in the homes of Saleh and A house, Yazd. In the later spatial organization, lowering the level of clearance (architectural negative-level), the Govdal Baghcheh means the use of the yard in the center of the house and the use of natural lighting and communication with the open space can be viewed on a wider level. In the dimension of the space hierarchy, space communications are considered in two horizontal and high altitudes, open, semi-open, closed, and spatial space, based on space and movement. In the pattern of introversion, there was no direct visual relationship between the inside and the attention to the design of open spaces that could provide direct visual communication; the confidentiality of limiting the attainment of the mental comfort of residents in the home and the observance of safe privacy; spatial communication to develop the activities of the residents of the house is examined. Finally, by evaluating these criteria, the archetypes that can continue in the architecture of today's homes are presented in the form of an analytical-applied model.

Keywords: Archytype, Architectural Design, Home, Kashan, Yazd.

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