Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

fa تبیین مفهومی مساله‌ی حق به منظر و جایگاه مفهوم فقهی لاضرر درتعیین حدود این مفهوم Defining The Concept of Right to Landscape and the Role of the Islamic jurisprudence rule "La Zarar" in Its Definition فقه، حقوق و اخلاق در معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی Islamic jurisprudence, low and ethics in architecture and urbanism. پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">منظر بعنوان یک فرآیند و بستری برای تعاملات انسانی و جایگاه تحقق حقوق گروه های مختلف افراد است. حقوقی که به واسطه ی ابعاد گسترده ی منظر و تعدد گروه های ذی نفع، دسته های متعدد و متنوع و گاهی متضاد و متناقضی را در بر می گیرد. تا کنون پژوهش های اندکی در ارتباط با مساله ی حق به منظر انجام شده است. اما این مساله در بستر فرهنگی و اسلامی ایران تا کنون مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. در راستای برطرف نمودن شکاف موجود و با هدف تبیین مفهوم حق به منظر با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، این پژوهش به دنبال تبیین مفهومی مساله ی حق به منظر بوده و می کوشد جایگاه قاعده ی فقهی و اسلامی لاضرر را در تبیین این مفهوم بیابد. برای حصول اطمینان از اعتبار داده های گردآوری شده در این پژوهش، از طریق مثلث سازی و به سه روش مصاحبه، مراجعه به اسناد و پژوهش های موجود و تصاویر آرشیوی به گردآوری داده ها اقدام شد و برای انجام پیمایش، رویدادهای تعاملی میان انسان و منظر بعنوان بستری برای تحقق حق به منظر در نظر گرفته شد و به کمک نرم افزار Atlas.ti 8 داد های گردآوری شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. چهار دسته حقوق شامل حقوق افراد به گرامیداشت و حفظ آیین های فرهنگی، سنت، مذهب، اقتدار سیاسی، هویت و معانی، حقوق افراد به کرامت انسانی و کیفیت زندگی، حق به سلامت، حفظ و نگهداری از اکوسیستم و حقوق افراد به دسترسی برابر، مشارکت، بهره مندی و استفاده برابر از منظر از میان داده های پژوهش استخراج شده و مشخص شد که توجه به مفهوم قاعده لاضرر در تحدید و مشخص نمودن مرزهای حق مرتبط و موثر است. تبیین ابعاد حق به منظر و شناخت مرزهای آن با توجه به ساختارهای پنهان قدرت و منازعات مکنونی که به تولید و بازتولید منظر می انجامد، می تواند قدمی را در راستای حرکت به سمت برابری و عدالت فضایی که از ضروریات و موکدات احکام دین مبین اسلام بوده برداشته به استیفای حقوق تضییع شده ی منتفعان از منظر کمک کند. نویسندگان بعنوان پیشنهادات آتی پژوهش بررسی سایر قواعد فقهی اسلامی و احادیث را در ارتباط با مفهوم حق به منظر پیشنهاد می کنند.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Landscape is not just a place, space, or nature, but rather a connection between human being and the environment with natural, social, and cultural aspects; this connection provides life, survival, and quality of life for various groups of people now and in the future. Therefore it is simulatenously a process and a platform for human interactions. It is also a place for the realization of the rights of different groups of people. The right to landscape is a new concept in the intersection of human rights and landscape. Due to the wide dimensions of the landscape and the multiplicity of interest groups, the rights include many diverse categories, sometimes even conflicting and contradictory. This emerging issue is being widely disregarded. In fact very few legal documents have adressed this issue so far, also, few researches have been done in connection with the issue of right to landscape, specially within the socio-cultural and Islamic context of Iran. Therefore this study aims to define the concept of right to landscape in order to specify its multiple aspests and dismentions and also its legal status to lay basic foundations for correct legislation in the future, utilising the jurisprudence rule of “La Zarar”. This research also, aims to close the mentioned gap, by answering the research question “what is the concept of right to landscape and how can defining the concept of right to landscape and how can jurisprudence rule of “La Zarar” help in its definittion”, therefore it utilizes the research method of reflective thematic analysis. To ensure the validity of the data collected in this study, data were collected through triangulation: open and face-to-face interviews, content analysis of existing documents and researches, and of archival images. To identify events in the context of landscapes, we relied on Strecker's classification of landscapes and examined the events that occurred in them. Thus, in relation to everyday landscapes, the daily environmental interactions of individuals, including daily and routine repetitive activities in which, based on Bourdieu's definition, regarding the landscape as a political arena for the struggle between existing powers for dominance, in relation to cultural landscapes, the cultural, social and religious events formed in the heart of the landscape, in relation to natural landscapes, the landscape which is considered from an environmental perspective and as a natural context, and the keywords spatial rights, citizenship rights, spatial requirements, preferences, defects and deficiencies related to the experience of individuals from each of the 4 categories mentioned in urban landscapes were questioned. The collected data, after being converted into a managable format, were transferred to Atlas.ti 8 software for better a better organization and the possibility of performing in-depth interpretation on the documents, and were examined and analyzed. The number of interviews conducted was 32 and the selected statistical population was randomly selected at different ages and of both genders, male and female. After conducting this number, we achieved theoretical saturation in the data so that no new categories or themes were introduced or produced. In the next stage, for analyzing and interpreting the data, the reflective theme analysis method was used, which is a reflection of the researcher's interpretive analysis of the data set and goes beyond summarizing and categorizing the data and, by identifying hidden patterns and relationships between the data, presents a new interpretation of them and answers the research question. The researcher first extracts the initial codes by categorizing the concepts and then, by finding the connection between them through comparison, juxtaposition and examination, produces the main codes or themes that are obtained in response to the research question from the research data. To ensure accuracy in conducting the research, the six steps proposed by Brown and Clark including 1. Familiarization with the data, 2. Generation of initial codes, 3. Generation of themes, 4. Review and revision of themes, 5. Determination and naming of themes, and 6. Writing the report, as well as the qualitative assessment tool of thematic analysis, which includes twenty questions, were used to ensure the quality of the analysis. Four main categories emerged from the data analysis including, the right to honor and benefit the cultural rituals, identity, religion , the right to dignity and quality of life, the right to health, preservation and maintainance of ecosystem and finally the right to equal access, participation and use of the landscape. The results of the study confirm the relevance of “La Zarar” rule in defining the boundries of the right to landscape. Clarifying the dimensions of the right to landscape and recognizing its boundaries with regard to the latent power structures and local conflicts that lead to the production and reproduction of the landscape, can be a step towards spatial justice, as one of the foundations of Islamic rules and help fulfill the violated rights of the beneficiaries. For the future trajectory of research, it is proposed that other  Islamic jurisprudence rules and “Ahadith” be examined in relation to the issue of right to landscape.</div> منظر, حق بر منظر, قاعده فقهی لاضرر, عدالت فضایی Lanscape, Right to landscape, “La Zarar” rule, spatial justice. 0 0 http://jria.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2205-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Neda Amini ندا امینی Neda_amini@arch.iust.ac.ir 1800319475328460010308 1800319475328460010308 No School of architecture and environmental design, Iran University of Science and Technlogy, Teharn, Iran. گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران. Mehdi Khakzand مهدی خاکزند Mkhakzand@iust.ac.ir 1800319475328460010309 1800319475328460010309 Yes School of architecture and environmental design, Iran University of Science and Technlogy, Teharn, Iran. گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.