fa تبیین جایگاه ارزش‌های میراث معماری و شهرسازی در طرح‌های توسعه شهری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه شمال‌غرب ایران) عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lang="FA">بافت‌های تاریخی را می‌توان نماد اصالت و هویت شهرها قلمداد نمود، که واجد ارزش‌های والایی می‌باشند. این بافت‌ها به‌عنوان میراث معماری و شهرسازی از گذشتگان به یادگار مانده و بخش‌های کلیدی شهر را در‌بر گرفته است. امروزه مهم‌ترین بخش از وظایف کارشناسان حوزه شهری در قبال این میراث گران‌بها، شناخت ارزش‌های مستتر در آن و هم‌چنین حفظ و اعتلای آن می‌باشد. اما آن‌چنان که باید، ارزش‌های این بافت‌ها در فرآیند مطالعاتی طرح‌های توسعه شهری جایگاه مناسبی ندارد. با ورود مدرنیسم به ایران و تحمیل آرایش فضایی جدید منتج از آن به بافت‌های تاریخی شهرهای کهن، پاسخ‌گویی به نیازهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی ساکنان به فراموشی سپرده شده است. تعدد رویه‌ها و مقطعی بودن آن‌ها و تأثیرپذیری سیاست‌های مربوطه از تصمیمات مقطعی بدون پشتوانه فلسفی و نظری، تنگنایی است که در حال حاضر کشورهای در حال توسعه &nbsp;با آن مواجه هستند. بنابراین، میراث شهری را نمی‌توان به‌عنوان یک پدیده مجزا، محدوده محصوری که به‌واسطه طرح‌ها و ضوابط از نیروهای بیرونی تغییر در امان مانده، تصور نمود. فرآیند کار بدین صورت بوده که ابتدا ارزش‌های میراث معماری و شهرسازی معرفی و یک دسته‌بندی قابل استحصال از آن ارائه گردیده و سپس به بررسی تطبیقی تحقق این ارزش‌ها در شرح خدمات مطالعاتی طرح‌های جامع، تفصیلی، شرح خدمات ویژه و غیرهمسان اقدام و در مرحله بعد با اعمال آسیب‌شناسی، دلایل عدم تحقق آن در این طرح‌ها مطالعه شده است. در این راستا جهت بررسی دقیق موضوع، طرح‌های توسعه چند شهر در منطقه شمال‌غرب کشور مورد مداقه قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که طرح‌های توسعه شهری به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین اسناد برنامه‌ریزی شهری در زمینه توجه به ارزش‌های میراث معماری و شهرسازی و کاربست آن در جهت حفاظت این میراث، ضعیف عمل کرده و جایگاه صحیحی برای آن در نظر گرفته نشده است در همین ارتباط طرح‌های ویژه حفاظت و احیای محدوده تاریخی در بحث توجه به ارزش‌های متعدد بافت‌های تاریخی موفق عمل کرده و بسیاری از خلأهای موجود را پوشش داده است؛ اما هم‌چنان دارای معایبی است. در ادامه بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده راهکارهایی با هدف رفع این نقایص و احصا و کاربست مناسب ارزش‌ها در طرح‌های توسعه شهری پیشنهاد شده به‌طوری که مطالعه، بررسی و ارائه طرح مناسب به‌صورت یکپارچه برای کلیت شهر با لحاظ تفاوت‌ها و ویژگی‌های منحصر هر بخش از شهر می‌تواند بسیاری از مسائل میراث شهری را مرتفع کند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" times="">Historic urban fabric are symbols of originality and identity in our city, and have high values. These structures, as architectural and urban heritage, have been inherited from our predecessors for us as a memory. Our responsibility towards this precious heritage is to understand its underlying values, and to preserve and promote it. But as it should be, the values of these textures do not have a proper place in the study process of urban development plans. Based on this, this research seeks to answer the question, what is the place of architectural heritage and urban planning in the description of services and urban development plans, and how can it take steps to achieve the right place? Based on the goal, the current research is practical and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The strategy used is interpretive strategy and logical reasoning. The method of collecting information is library and documents. According to the type of research and its strategy, the present article can be called one of the qualitative articles. In order to achieve the goal of the research, first, the values of architectural heritage and urban planning were extracted based on the study of numerous sources, and then their place in the description of services of urban development plans was evaluated. Finally, by matching the extracted values with the service description of the (comprehensive) development plans of Urmia, Maragheh, Tabriz and Meshginshahr cities, it has been addressed to provide solutions for the practical realization of the place of architectural and urban planning values in the service description of urban development plans. With the arrival of modernism in Iran and the imposition of a new spatial arrangement resulting from it on the historical contexts of old cities, responding to the social and cultural needs of the residents has been forgotten. The multiplicity of procedures and their sectional nature and the impact of relevant policies from sectional decisions without philosophical and theoretical support is the bottleneck that developing countries are currently facing. Therefore; urban heritage cannot be imagined as an isolated phenomenon, an enclosed area that is protected from the external forces of change due to plans and regulations. The work process was such that first the values of architectural heritage and urban planning were introduced and a category that could be extracted from it was presented, and then a comparative study of the realization of these values was carried out in the description of study services of comprehensive and detailed plans, description of special and non-homogeneous services, and in the next step with the application of pathology, the reasons for its non-fulfillment have been studied in these plans. In this regard, in order to carefully examine the issue of the development plans of several cities in the northwestern region of the country, it has been studied. The results of the research show that urban development plans, as the most important urban planning documents in the field of paying attention to the values of architectural heritage and urban development and its application in order to protect this heritage, have performed poorly and the right place has not been considered for it. In this regard, the special plans for the protection and revival of the historical area have been successful in paying attention to the many values of the historical contexts and have covered many existing gaps, but they still have disadvantages. The comparative study of the types of architectural and urban heritage values shows that in the description of the services of comprehensive and detailed plans, the most focus is on historical and cultural values, while in the description of the services of special plans for the protection and revitalization of the area Historical-cultural, today&rsquo;s values, which include a wide range of scientific-educational, tourism, economic, functional and political values, have received more attention. In summing up the reviewed experiences, it can be stated that although historical contexts did not have a place until several decades after the entry and implementation of urban development plans in the country, with the passage of time and the experience of the transition period, historical contexts have gained value and dignity in urban development plans; But this position is only summarized in physical and tourism values and identity, historical, social, economic, political and aesthetic aspects have been marginalized. In general, in urban development plans, one should avoid looking at historical textures as an island, so that other textures can be used as a support for old textures. In the following, based on the results, solutions are proposed with the aim of eliminating this shortcoming and the appropriate calculation and application of values in urban development plans, so that the study, review and presentation of a suitable plan in an integrated manner for the whole city in terms of the differences and unique characteristics of each part of the city can be a lot to resolve urban heritage issues.</span></span></span></span></div> میراث معماری و شهرسازی, طرح‌های توسعه شهری, ارزش‌, بافت تاریخی Architectural and Urbanism, Heritage, Urban Development Plans, Value, Historical Urban Fabric 36 55 http://jria.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-317-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mozaffar Abbaszadeh مظفر عباس زاده mo.abbaszadeh@urmia.ac.ir 180031947532846009662 180031947532846009662 Yes Faculty of Architecture, Urban Planning and Art, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. دانشکده معماری، شهرسازی و هنر، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. Reza Karimi رضا کریمی karimi699@yahoo.com 180031947532846009663 180031947532846009663 No Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Urmia, Iran. دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، ارومیه، ایران.